Biography of Elizabeth Vargas, ABC News Journalist

In January 2006, Elizabeth Vargas (born September 6, 1962), a respected 20-year broadcast journalist, began as co-anchor of ABCs World News Tonight, with correspondent Bob Woodruff, who was injured in Iraq later that month. Fast Facts: Elizabeth Vargas Known For: A respected decades-long career as a broadcast journalist, namely as co-anchor of ABCs World News Tonight and 20/20.Born: September 6, 1962, in Paterson, NJSpouse: Singer Mark Cohn (m. 1999-2014)Children:   Zachary Raphael Cohn,  Samuel Wyatt CohnEducation: Overseas schooling for military children. 1980 graduate, Heidelberg American High School in  Germany. BA in Journalism,  University of Missouri.Notable Quote: You do not get into this business if youre interested in a 40-hour workweek, and want to be home for dinner every night. You wont make it in network news. You really need to love it. Its an enormous commitment. In May 2006, expecting her second child, Vargas resigned from World News Tonight and was named co-anchor of ABCs 20/20 newsmagazine. Industry whispers were that she wanted to return to World News Tonight after her childs birth, but ABC brass replaced her with news veteran Charles Gibson. While news veteran Vargas has logged hundreds of hours of international, political and hard-news reporting, her expertise and top interests lie in the social and religious issues that intrigue Americans today. Although conservative Newsbusters (combating liberal media bias) has accused her of a liberal bias, she is regarded as a fair reporter who provides in-depth, balanced examinations of the facts. Elizabeth Vargas Early Career Years Saturday anchor/reporter at KOMU-TV, an NBC affiliate owned by University of MissouriReporter at KTVN-TV, the CBS affiliate in Reno, NVLead reporter, 1986-89, KTVK-TV, the ABC affiliate in Phoenix, AZReporter/anchor, 1989-93, WBBM-TV, the CBS affiliate in Chicago, IL Elizabeth Vargas at NBC and ABC NBCs Today Show, 1993-96, substitute news anchor/co-hostDateline NBC, 1993-96, correspondentABCs Good Morning America, 1996-97, news anchorABCs 20/20 news program, 1997-2004, correspondent; co-anchor, 2004ABCs 20/20 Downtown, 1999-2002, hostABCs World News Tonight, 2005 - 2006ABCs 20/20, co-anchor [Won an Emmy in 1999 for coverage of the Elian Gonzalez story. Vargas Stories and One-Hour Specials at ABC Specials include Surrogacy, Same-Sex Marriage, and a new look at a New Mexico drunk-driving caseOne controversial 2003 special was based on bestseller The DaVinci Code. Another was her 2004 Matthew Shepard murder story on 20/20, which reported that the murder may not have been a gay hate crime. Some dubbed her a lying homophobe for her reporting.Stories on many issues, including breast cancer research, PETAs war against fur-wearing, and the 1999 Yosemite National Park murders. The Elizabeth Vargas Persona On-air and off, Elizabeth Vargas exudes calm, thoughtful authority. Shes also a driven perfectionist who dedicates herself to pursuing the story. Vargas doesnt hesitate to ruffle feathers of the viewing public, despite her soothing demeanor and seeming go-along attitude. ABC news brass touted her as creative and one of the most flexible talents. Interesting Personal Notes Elizabeth Vargas led a colorful dating life prior to marriage. She was romantically linked in the 1990s to actor Michael Douglas, who reportedly ended the relationship when he began dating New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd. And per a biography of baseball legend Joe DiMaggio, before his 1999 death, Joltin Joe developed a crush on Vargas after meeting her aboard a cruise. Vargas was introduced to her Grammy-winning husband Marc Cohn by tennis star Andre Agassi (they divorced in 2014). Memorable Quotes I think theres nothing better in the world than a spirited discussion about the Bible and Jesus and God and the Catholic faith, or the Jewish faith, or the Muslim faith — any religion. You do not get into this business if youre interested in a 40-hour workweek, and want to be home for dinner every night. You wont make it in network news. You really need to love it. Its an enormous commitment. My husband is Jewish, my baby son has been baptized a Catholic but were going to expose him to Judaism as well. My family is already a melting pot: Ive got devoutly traditional Catholic parents, I was married by a priest and a rabbi. To do that, you have to be flexible in the way you apply your religion in your life. You cant be so dogmatic about my way or the highway. Speaking of an ABC program she produced about two other women who disappeared at the same time as Laci Peterson, the attractive, pregnant Caucasian woman who was killed by her husband in 2003, One of the other women was black, and the other was Hispanic. The Hispanic woman was not only pregnant, she with her her five-year-old son. But theres no search party going on for them, no media attention, even though they disappeared in the shadow of Laci Peterson. I was really proud of that special...proud that I was able to give these other women their story.

Personal Narrative In My Life - 1322 Words

Personal Narrative Where do we go when we have nothing on our minds? Where do we go when we go quiet? I can not be the one to tell you. My mind is always focused on the next and can never stay put. My mind is like Hong Kong (most densely populated place on Earth) during a rush hour. It’s a room full of commotion and noise that can’t find the escape door. It’s fun at times, but unbearable when all you want to do is shut yourself out from the world and relax. I can’t pay attention in my classes in school because I am thinking about all the things I have to do. I can’t enjoy my meal during lunch because I am thinking about who I should ask to recommend me for the universities I still haven’t applied to. I refuse to take naps after a long†¦show more content†¦I need to go home and do some summer homework, I procrastinated to do. I pull out of the parking lot as fast as I can, barely making any stops and failing to look at my surroundings . I’m speeding down the road in my noisy, grey audi. Every Other day my car has an unfamiliar noise. I also need to get that fixed. Maybe if it didn’t make unfamiliar noises I wouldn t think it was a piece of shit. If I could magically apparate to place to place I would because driving takes too much time. Time I could use to do more important things. I know I should probably slow down, but I have too much on my mind to care. There’s no cars in front of me so it gives me the freedom to even go faster. I have too much on my mind to think about how fast I should be going. As I am accelerating, a cop car passes me hidden between other cars going the other direction. He turns around dramatically as if he was in one of those Fast and Furious movies. I just say â€Å"Fuck† under my breath. I was hoping maybe he got a sudden call, but I knew it was because I was speeding. He’s on my ass and I could feel his eyes looking into mine from the mirrors. I turn into my neighborhood and he turns on the cop lights. At that moment I know I messed up. I parked across the green park filled with life. There s kids playing soccer in the large grassy field and children swinging on the swing set. Everyone is staring at me and the embarrassment growsShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Life885 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Narrative Have you ever had something happen to you that changed your life forever? Something that you will never forget. It’s something that makes you who you are whether it is good or bad to makes you special. I know it’s hard to believe that one event could change your whole life but I promise you it can. A major life changing event happened to me on July 20th, 2011. This is the day that my youngest sister Carly was born. On this day my whole life was changed and it will never be theRead MorePersonal Narrative Of My Life956 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Narrative Life has always been the opposite of predictable. Twists and turns are abundant during a person’s time on this earth. 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Cool air brushed against my face as I analyzed the school.I was standing near eight planters, with my schedule and a school map in my hand.Up ahead of me, I could see cars passing by, dropping kids off to school.A lot of studentsRead MorePersonal Narrative Of My Life961 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Narrative One day in mid-November, I thought that one of the worst days in my life had come. I walked into my parent’s room, and I found my mother rushing to gather things to go somewhere. Curiously, I asked my mom where she was going, and why she was in such a rush. My mom said, â€Å"Julia was in a bad car accident on the way home from school and is headed to the hospital. I’m going up there to see if there is anything I can do to help.† Immediately many questions came to my mind, but I knewRead MoreMy Personal Narrative Of My Life1261 Words   |  6 PagesThis will be a long personal narrative about my current stressful life. Before, I came down to the University of Georgia to work with the football team my life back in East Lansing, Michigan was quite peaceful. However, I will admit I was still overly stressed with the endless amount of coursework I had, but I still had time to relax or had time to be bored and question what I should do with my time. Now taking all o f my credits online and working 12-15 hour days, then traveling to the games on SaturdayRead MoreMy Personal Narrative Of My Life1530 Words   |  7 PagesMy Personal Narrative   Ã‚  Ã‚   One event from my life that I always remember is when I was first starting school. I was wearing a Bright Blue Basketball Shirt and a pair of Bright Blue Basketball Shorts. I woke up very early that day. When my sisters finally woke up they got ready and we went outside to wait for the bus. When the bus came my mom wanted to get pictures of us. So when we arrived at school I went to class. I was extremely nervous but when my teacher told us her name I laughed. 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Carl Brashear Essay Example For Students

Carl Brashear Essay If it is difficulty that shows what men are, there should be no doubt about what kind of man Carl Brashear is. The Navys first African-American Master Diver, Brashear faced difficulties that would have defeated most people. His spirit and determination resulted not only in his overcoming great odds to become a U.S. Navy diver, but also in his surviving the loss of a leg in an accident on the USS Hoist in 1966 and more amazingly in his attaining the rank of Master Diver. In the fall, Twentieth Century Fox will release The Diver, the story of Brashears struggle. Cuba Gooding Jr. stars as Brashear. The film also stars Robert DeNiro as Billy Sunday, a senior officer and Master Diver who is at first another obstacle, but who ultimately helps Brashear overcome his crippling injury, as well as racism, bureaucracy. Brashear joined the Navy in 1948 at the age of 17. The film follows his acceptance into dive school, his training in the Mark V gear, and the accident that could have ended his career. Brashears struggle to convince the Naval Bureau of Medicine and Surgery to allow him to continue diving is an integral part of the story. Carl Brashear was born in rural Kentucky in 1931. His family moved to Sonora, Ky., when he was only two weeks old. He grew up swimming in creeks and rivers near his home, but there was nothing to indicate that his life would take the twists and turns that eventually resulted in his spending almost 32 years in the U.S. Navy. Becoming not only the Navys first African-American Master Diver, but also its first amputee diver. Brashear joined the Navy as a steward. He was sent to a Beach masters unit in Florida, and there he first saw divers in Mark V gear. He was hooked. In 1949 he qualified using the Jack Browne rig, then progressed to the Mark V in 1953. Gaining officia l diver status was in itself quite an achievement at the time. Brashear attained the rank of Chief Petty Officer E7 and worked successfully, but relatively uneventfully, until March 26, 1966, when the determination that he had originally called upon to help him become a Navy diver would seem almost feeble in comparison to the tenacity that he would need in order to stay a Navy diver. On January 17, 1966, a U.S. Air Force B-52G bomber carrying a hydrogen bomb collided with a KC-135 refueling tanker off the coast of Palo mares, Spain. In March, aboard the USS Hoist, Brashear and his crew were taking part in efforts to retrieve the nuclear weapon in 2,500 feet (758m) of water. Brashear had rigged a three-legged spider with grappling hooks on each leg. It was attached to the submersible Alvin, which would use it to attach parachute rigging to the bomb. The apparatus worked beautifully and the bomb was brought to the surface. At 5:00 p.m., a shift in the position of the ship that had pul led alongside the Hoist to receive the bomb caused a chain of events that almost killed Carl Brashear and seemed certainly to have killed his career in the Navy. During efforts to bring the bomb aboard, a swell caused an unexpected movement in the ships position. The timing was catastrophic. The atomic weapon slipped from the parachute rigging and sank again, but even worse, a pipe broke loose from one of the ships and became a deadly missile. Brashear saw the pipe break. I got all my sailors out of the way, but I didnt get myself out of the way, he says. The injuries he suffered were overwhelming, and so sudden that at first, he didnt know anything was wrong. Only when he tried to put weight on his leg did he realize the extent of the damage. He jokes about it today. I found that I didnt have a leg to stand on, he chuckles. Most of the flesh on his leg was ripped away, leaving his foot attached only by the tendons in the back of his calf. Bones were exposed and the bleeding was pro fuse. He also suffered head and internal injuries. The dive boat did not carry a doctor. The corpsman did what he could, but his attempts to stop the bleeding were useless. He finally resorted to the use of two tourniquets not accepted practice, but the accepted pressure-point method was not working. Brashear credits the corpsman, whose name he does not know, with saving his life that day. The nearest doctor was on the USS Albany, six miles away. When the Hoist rendezvoused with the Albany, the physician on board called for Brashear to be airlifted by helicopter to a hospital in Spain. He was loaded aboard, but events took another bad turn when the aircraft proved to be too low on fuel to make it to the medical facility. It landed on a dilapidated runway and waited until a small plane arrived to finish the trip with Brashear, who was miraculously still alive. As he describes it, The helicopter ran out of gas, and I ran out of blood. When Brashear finally arrived at the hospital six hours after the accident, he was declared D.O.A (Dead On Arrival). The examining physician ordered that he be sent to the morgue, then decided to check one more time for a heartbeat; he detected a very faint one. I survived the morgue, Brashear laughs. The bleeding continued in the hospital, but after transfusions totaling 18 pints almost twice the volume of blood ordinarily found in an adult human body Brashear regained consciousness. Doctors tried bone and skin grafts to save his leg. Gangrene later set in. Brashear was sent to Wiesbaden, Germany, and then to Portsmouth Naval Hospital in Virginia. Efforts continued to the point that, Brashear had had enough and requested that the leg be amputated. In four guillotine surgeries removal of layers of the limb until all infection is gone surgeons removed Carl Brashears leg, finally stopping four inches below the knee. Most people would have given up hope of remaining in military service at that point. Not Carl Brashear. Still atta ched to the Naval Hospital, he was fitted with a permanent prosthetic limb in November of 1966. In December, he sneaked out of the hospital and managed to dive in a deep-sea rig. He would take pictures that would help him make the case to continue his diving career. (The Navy had already begun the process of having him discharged because of his disability.) Although the doctors saw photographic proof of his continued ability to function as a diver, they were in total disbelief, says Brashear. They were still not convinced that he could do the job. He kept sneaking out, arming himself with more photos, until he finally prevailed. When the doctors relented and he was ordered to the Deep Sea Diving School in Washington, D.C., Brashear had to prove himself by completing tests that were much more demanding than any he had previously encountered. .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 , .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 .postImageUrl , .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 , .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670:hover , .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670:visited , .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670:active { border:0!important; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670:active , .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670 .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc38d7968c745666b97b0553f06f26670:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Charles Dickens Tone Essay Wearing the 290-pound Mark V, he demonstrated his ability to climb ladders and to dive. On the surface, he had to walk at least 12 steps, wearing the 290-pound helium/oxygen rig. He was also required to dive in scuba gear and engage in physical training with other dive school students. That physical training included calisthenics and running. When Brashear ran, scar tissue would break loose and blood would leak into his artificial leg. To prevent infection, he would remove the prosthesis and soak his leg in warm water laced with hydrogen peroxide or Betadine. He never told his doctors about the problem because, I hadnt made Master Diver yet. That goal kept him going. In March of 1967, doctors finally Okayed his transfer to Second Class Diving School in Norfolk, VA. In April 1968, he was restored to full active duty and full diving status, the Navys first amputee diver. Bibliography:MLA CitationsCarl Brashears Story,http://www.discovery.com/stories/history/reelhistory/menofhonor.htmlMaster Chief Carl Brashearhttp://web.usna.navy.mil/finlayso/symposium/newpage10211112.htmlMaster Chief Boatswains Mate Carl Maxie Brashear, USNhttp://history.navy.mil/faqs/faq105-1.htm

Mental Health for Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMental Health for Psychonomic Bulletin Review. Answer: Introduction It has been observed from the literature review that theorists have shied away from research into creativity. Despite many blocks to study there are various models of creativity do exist. Creativity occurs in the care sector, but there are many challenges when many diverse settings are included. There are potential benefits of creativity to both carer and service user. The aim of the assignment is as a student of creative skills is to critically compare models, contributory theories, and different application settings of creativity. Further the assignment discusses the problems of definition in creativity and the potential benefits of creativity at physical, intellectual, emotional and social levels. Critical comparison of models, contributory theories and different application settings of creativity In mental health services the care users poses many challenges. In such circumstances, incubation is the best way to take a break from the creative problem solving. As per the Wallas model, a period of incubation is necessary. It helps in creative problem solving. It helps the care providers to forget the misleading clues of the care user. On the other hand lack of incubation or rest period may lead to fixing on the inappropriate strategies for solving the problem (Ritter and Dijksterhuis 2014). This model contradicts the earlier hypothesis put forward by the Csikszentmihalyi's five phase model of the creative process. As per this model the creative solution to the problem arises when unconscious mind takes over the conscious mind without the later trying to make logical order out of the problem. As the conscious mind is occupied in some tasks, the unconscious mind can mysteriously allow the unique connections to be made (Csikszentmihalyi 2014). As per the Geneplore model, creativity takes place in two phases. In the generative phase the individual constructs preinventive structures which are the mental representations. The other phase called the exploratory phase; these structures are used to generate creative ideas (Runco 2014). It aligns with the view of Ptervri et al. (2016) which emphasise that people develop new ideas by using their imagination. These ideas are structured in the predictable ways with the help of the pre-existing concepts and categories. However, it is contradictory with the view of Gl?veanu and Tanggaard (2014), which emphasise that creativity yields extraordinary results using the ordinary cognitive processes. The theory of convergent and divergent thinking is also applicable for the care users and the care givers. When the practioner is solving the care users problems, he/she may aim for the single correct solution. This pattern is called convergent thinking. In the psychology literature the synonym of creativity is also called divergent thinking. In this pattern of thinking a problem can be solved in multiple ways and is referred as fluid intelligence that may be similar to creativity (Bekker 2016). This theory may be partly similar to the creative cognition approach explained by the Geneplore model as it is based on imagination. It may be similar because divergent thinking also partly involves imagination (Au et al. 2015). However it differs from the Honing theory of creativity. As per the Honing theory by psychologistLiane Gabora, is the process of honing and re-honing the integrated worldview (Gabora 2016). The world view brings about the internal cognitive restructuring. An individua l may have a worldview that may be uniquely structured and may be reflected in the personal style. This theory differs from all the above theories or models. In the above theories the focus is mainly on the generation of the outcome or the solution to problem in the practice setting. On the contrary the, honing theory lays greater emphasis on effect of the creative process on the creators worldview (Runco 2014). In the health care sector, the practioners can implement the theories of creativity. Using creativity for creative therapy, patient care can be enhanced. Instead of using same routine or different approach can be taken for the patients who are aggressive or unwilling to follow the care regime. The general physicians in health care can relook at the patients disease. The physician can re-imagine and feel what it means to be having a disease. Perspective of other areas can also be used in the medicine. With the help of above mentioned theories, the artificial barriers of the medicine can be broken (Gourevitch 2014). In any service the customer engagement is necessary for successful outcome of many services. Particularly in the mental health setting the, psychologist may involve the creative practices. Along with the problem solving, customer effort is also essential. There might be situations where the customers act reluctant and sick. In such cases the psychologists may use different theories of creativity to determine how the clients creativity works in such a context. Creativity can also be applied in various other settings of mental health such as rehabilitation centres, for challenging behaviours of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (Runco 2014). In regards to care users say in metal health setting, creativity has been investigated in relation to schizotypy. The traits include cognitive disorganisation, unusual experiences, or impulsive non-conformity. Creativity is also associated with some facets of psychopathology. Some of the mental processes may be similar between the psychotic and creative thinking . According to Runco (2014) people with positive personality traits such as broad interests, openness and self confidence are also creative. This can be applied in the care sector particularly in the mental health setting where the care givers can us these positive traits of the care user to design the care plan. It can be useful for the mental health care providers to understand the disorganisation of thought in the patients or the impaired cognitive control. It is because the people with the psychosis-proneness often shows this traits and is known to be associated with the creative cognition/divergent thinking(Bekker 2016). There are other application settings of creativity. The personal learning can be optimised by customising a learning environment. In the e-learning process, creativity has become a popular trend. Creativity has helped develop personalised learning system that increases learning effects and the learners motivation (Lin et al. 2013). Discussion of the problems of definition in creativity It is difficult to define creativity as not all people with creative skills are alike. Originality and functionality are the two parts of definition of creativity. According to some psychologists creativity is not possible unless a person comes up with something new that was not present before. It means that the idea has to be functional and adaptive in some way and only then it can be considered useful. There is also a third criterion for approving the intellectual property rights for ideas and products. Since 20th century the definitions of creativity has been questioned several times and have been expanded in different ways (Kaufman 2016). In terms of personality-creativity connection, there is say a distinction to be made between the"little-c" creativity and "big-C" creativity. According to Runco (2014), little-c" creativity indicates the mental health as it involves solving the daily life problem and adapting to changes. On the other hand, the "big-C" creativity is rare as it helps people solve the problem based on what other live their lives. As per the psychology studies, artists with mental illnesses create arts that are very expressionistic and more realistic. Not all intelligent people develop creative skills and one needs a perspective to see things differently. A person with minimum IQ needs an additional factor to be truly creative; however, this additional factor is not specifically defined. Thus, the problem of definition in creativity remains (Kharkhurin 2014). Potential benefits of creativity at a physical, intellectual, emotional and social level At both individual and societal level, creativity is important. Creativity helps solve daily life problem. Hence it is helpful at the individual level. Creativity helps to enable new scientific findings and inventions at societal levels, as well as organisation levels. Research into creativity can be called as interdisciplinary field. The same is reflected in the preset body of literature. The research involves clinical, behavioural, economical, cognitive, educational, organisational, personality and social perspective. Creativity is considered beneficial because it helps generate something that is novel and useful in a given situation (Zhou and Hoever 2014). There is a bulk of literature available to explain the impact of creativity on health. Creativity increases the ability to heal oneself. In the health care many patients are subjected to the art and music therapy. The literature evidence showed positive effect of the visual arts such as painting, drawing, photography, textiles and pottery in patients with struggling with cancer and health debilitating illnesses. Thus, creativity is beneficial at physical and emotional level (Gl?veanu and Tanggaard 2014). According to Repar and Reid (2014) thoughts of illnesses can be distracted by the art filled occupational voids. It helps in decreasing the negative outcomes which improves the well-being. Depression is reduced as creativity improves the medical outcomes. Creative activities reduce stress and anxiety, which in turn increases the positive outcomes. It helps to reduce the distress and negative emotions. As per Repar and Reid (2014), creativity helps in the improvement of expression of grief, flow and spontaneity, positive identity and social networks. It means that creativity is beneficial for the emotional and social levels. If a customer has the problem solving capability than it can be applied to solve the consumption related problems. From a traditional perspective the role of producers and customers are different. There has been a re-conceptualisation of the service users role, which resulted from the shift to a value-in-use perspective. Using this new approach the classic approach to production and consumption becomes insufficient. It depends on customers that how they own their services after the providers have made the value propositions (Barbuto et al. 2016). The service used by the customers is determined by the interactions, activities and the perspectives of the product hold by them. In this process, creativity offers various benefits. For instance, the concept of self design or self-production was a unique form of involving the customers. In the mental health setting the patients are allowed to give consent on their choice of treatment (Kaufman 2016). According to Gl?veanu and Tanggaard (2014 ), creative identities are regarded as representational projects, which emerge during the interaction between the creator and different audiences and notions of creativity informed by societal discourses. The creative identities can be promoted, problematic or denied for both self and others. Holding the particular creative identity influences the engagement of the creator with his or her own work. Not only in the health care setting but also in personal life there are multiple benefits of creativity. As per many studies on creativity and its association with intelligence it was found that highly intelligent people were also creative. For instance, highly intelligent people like Beethoven, Einstein, were highly imaginative which is more important than knowledge. Creativity helps to become more imaginative. As per the Maslows hierarchy of needs creativity is at highest level. Creativity helps to think in terms of bigger picture by which our needs for knowledge can be fulfilled and we can attain the level of self-actualisations (Repar and Reid 2014). At an intellectual level creativity contributes to internal security in terms of or in face of death. For instance the Nobel Prize winner Bob Dylan was motivated with the goal of enduring legacy and the idea of leaving. Similar others believed that using the creativity and imagination is the affirmation of life (Barbuto et al. 2016). Conclusion The assignment critically compared the models, contributory theories, and different application settings of creativity. Further the assignment discussed the problems of definition in creativity and the potential benefits of creativity at physical, intellectual, emotional and social levels. As there are challenges to definition in creativity, there may be reason for the theorists to shied away from research into creativity. Creativity occurs in the care sector, but there are many challenges when many diverse settings are included. There are potential benefits of creativity to both carer and service user. Using the different models and theories one can design effective care plan for the service users in the care sector. References Au, J., Sheehan, E., Tsai, N., Duncan, G.J., Buschkuehl, M. and Jaeggi, S.M., 2015. Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: a meta-analysis.Psychonomic bulletin review,22(2), pp.366-377. Barbuto Jr, J.E., Bugenhagen, M.J., Stohs, J.M. and Matkin, G.S., 2016. Encouraging creativity and intellectual stimulation: An exercise that forces students to think outside the box.Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management,4(3). Bekker, E., 2016.The role of divergent thinking and convergent thinking in the relation between intelligence and literacy ability(Master's thesis). Csikszentmihalyi, M., 2014. Society, culture, and person: A systems view of creativity. InThe Systems Model of Creativity(pp. 47-61). Springer Netherlands. Gabora, L., 2016. Honing theory: A complex systems framework for creativity.arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.02484. Gl?veanu, V.P. and Tanggaard, L., 2014. Creativity, identity, and representation: Towards a socio-cultural theory of creative identity.New Ideas in Psychology,34, pp.12-21. Gourevitch, M.N., 2014. Population health and the academic medical center: the time is right.Academic Medicine,89(4), p.544. Kaufman, J.C., 2016.Creativity 101. Springer Publishing Company. Kharkhurin, A.V., 2014. Creativity. 4in1: Four-criterion construct of creativity.Creativity Research Journal,26(3), pp.338-352. Lin, C.F., Yeh, Y.C., Hung, Y.H. and Chang, R.I., 2013. Data mining for providing a personalized learning path in creativity: An application of decision trees.Computers Education,68, pp.199-210. Ptervri, J., Osman, M. and Bhattacharya, J., 2016. The role of intuition in the generation and evaluation stages of creativity.Frontiers in psychology,7. Repar, P.A. and Reid, S., 2014. Creatively caring: effects of arts-based encounters on hospice caregivers in South Africa.Journal of pain and symptom management,47(5), pp.946-954. Ritter, S.M. and Dijksterhuis, A., 2014. Creativitythe unconscious foundations of the incubation period.Frontiers in human neuroscience,8. Runco, M.A., 2014. Big C, little c creativity as a false dichotomy: Reality is not categorical.Creativity Research Journal,26(1), pp.131-132. Runco, M.A., 2014.Creativity: Theories and themes: Research, development, and practice. Elsevier. Zhou, J. and Hoever, I.J., 2014. Research on workplace creativity: A review and redirection.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,1(1), pp.333-359.

American Political system

Not to long ago the American Political system under went a major transition. One of the many controversies that are still shadowing this transition is the acts or misacts of the former President. Just recently he announced that he had chosen a location in Harlem to be used as his post-presidential office. Most people reacted to this decision by saying hes deceiving African-Americans in Harlem to cover up his burdens when he left the White House... the pardons or the gifts that were taken from Whitehouse. The article I will be analyzing is by Jay Nordlinger about the recent move to Harlem by Ex-President Clinton. Nordlinger is an editor for the National Review whos been covering the Clintons for a couple of years. Published by The Weekly Standard: a very conservative magazine, Nordlinger tries to explain the recent move as an attempt to put out the fire that have erupted the Clintons since leaving the White House. From what I perceived reading this article the main issue Nordlings is trying to prove is that whether our former president is using African-Americans to talk to White people? Meaning does Clinton do what he does because he wants to help the African-American society or just to improve Americans impression about him? Nordlinger undoubtedly states that the ex-president misleads the African-American society and he does everything for a purpose: to get out the many controversies that follow him day to day. He says Clinton does it over and over: runs to black people when he gets into a jam. According to Nordlinger the former President knows his relationship with black people is terrific, so he has a habit of using black people as props. The article even relates Clintons with Fidel Castro. Sometime in 1960 Fidel Castro publicly changed his expensive midtown hotel a hotel in Harlem to show commonality with the people there. So when Castro came back to New York for the U.N. gathering he was ...

buy custom Thematic Functions of Myths essay

buy custom Thematic Functions of Myths essay A myth can be defined as a story that provides some explanations about our history and beliefs. Myths often contain some significance to some culture and they address the essential and most challenging questions a reader might ask concerning the story. They often used to describe the origin of the universe, tell stories about great men, forces of the good and evil, gods and other supernatural beings. However, it is important to note that myths are always considered true by the culture of rather people from which the myth has originated since some spiritual or religious significance is always attached to it,according to Wood, and this is probably the reason as to why different writers have decided to incorporate the use of mythology in their works. This essay will consider the use of myths in the writing of novels, and will explore the thematic function of myths in the novel written by Garcia Marquez. The use of myths in the novels In the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude, Garcia Marquez, writes of a story about the history of the documentation, development and the demise of a human settlement during a particular time. The Buendia family lived in a town known as Macondo, which was prone to various kinds of calamities. To begin with, we find that the author has used myth to provide meaning to the unexplainable. Macondo is a town that is frequented by calamities and misfortunes that affect the Buendia family. It is obvious that questions directed at knowing more about these calamities, for instance, the reason as to why they were taking place, and probably the source of such events could be asked. To evade the need to provide explanations to such questions, the author has applied the use of myths. It basically provides explanations about the mysteries this population was facing. In addition, myths try to provide some understanding regarding the natural world, for instance, they can always offer thereason as to why a calamity such as famine has occurred. Looking at Garcia Marquezs novel, the author has used myths to provide explanations about such issues. Although he does not have a clear understanding regarding these events, he applies the use of myths to explain such events to the generations that have preceded the Buendia family, which gives the readers of a picture of how at some time, there existed a human civilization that was faced with calamities. In addition, the author has used myths to depict the origin of this population. For instance, from the story we learn that it is from the marriage between Jose Buendia and Ursula that this family was formed. We also learn that it is from Joses dream about the city of mirrors that the town of Macondo was found at the river side. It is from this myth that we are able to know the origin of this population and how it was formed. Myths have also been usedto make the story fascinating. They are often applied in the writing of novels to give the readers that urge to continue reading the story as they make the story more entertaining and humorous. The reader is left with the feeling of wanting to know more regarding the explained unusual calamities. For instance, in this novel, the author gives us a picture of what the world was like during those times. It is from the dream that the town was formed and after some time the town starts experiencing calamities. The reader is then left to wonder how such events took place. They have actually made the story more fascinating. Garcia Marquez has also used myths to depict the culture of that specificpopulation. Myths have the ability of establishing a cultures rituals, social structures, customs and religious tenets, territorial claims and power hierarchies. It is from the use of myths that we are able to know about the culture of the Buendia family so that we can validate them in order to transmit them tto the preceding generations. For instance, the end of destruction that would befall the Buendia family and the town of Macondo provides an overview of how the ideological and cultural heritage of Spain in the modern world would end. In addition, the author has used myths to provide stability and continuity to some culture. The novel outlines the existence a human population who had their own culture at some point in time. However, the novel outlines that Garcia could have been probably the only surviving generation of the time. However, we are able to read about the cultures of this population, some of whi ch have been validated and applied by the contemporary societies. It is apparent that ancient myths still exist in the present cultures and the references are found in the contemporary expressions and words. Mythology has also been applied in the novel to depict the authors creativity. We cannot tell if such a population was existent or not. However, the author has presented it in a way that makes it so real and convincing that whatever has been written is actually true. It therefore becomes challenging to question about this writing since we are not certain if whatever the novel claims is true or not. We can therefore ascertain that myths can be applied in displaying the authors creativity. It is therefore apparent that the author has applied the use of mythology in this novel to illustrate his creativity. In conclusion, myths play significant roles in the writing of novels as noted in the work of Garcia Marquez. As noted, the author has applied the use of myths to provide explanations for the unexplainable, create some humor and fascination, and show the origin of this population as well as providing explanations about the culture of the named population. We can therefore conclude that myths play a major role in the world of writing due to the functions that have been identified above. Buy custom Thematic Functions of Myths essay

Business Management, Organizational Learning Essay

Business Management, Organizational Learning - Essay Example Learning has been considered to be the life blood of IBM, fundamental to its heritage and the success key to the future. Individual learning is the traditional domain of human resources as it includes training, work experience and formal education. Learning by individual in an organization is a prerequisite of the organizational learning. But, an organization with organizational learning should actively create, capture, transfer and mobilize knowledge in order to enable it to adapt it to a changing environment. The need for organizations to continuously learn and adapt to a changing market has been central concern to organizational learning theorists. According to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), organizational learning refers to the ways firms acquire, create, supplement and organize knowledge and routines around their competencies and adapt and develop organizational efficiency through improving the use of their core capabilities (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, p.302) IBM management has well promoted productive learning by instituting organizational learning mechanisms buy fostering structural, cultural, and psychological, leadership and policy facets of the multi facet norms of the learning structure. The management has enhanced organizational commitment and psychological safety among the subordinates. IBM has transformed individual learning in to organizational learning looking at its advantages over the business performance and effectiveness. The IBM executives have high expectations and confidence on how the learning strategy should be done within the organization so as to enable IBM to develop the workforce and organizational capabilities that would produce innovative solutions for its customers. IBM has considered organizational learning as the most effective learning strategy mainly because it can enable the company adapt

Organization Theory and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organization Theory and Design - Essay Example Things have never moved so fast and threats and opportunities have never been so immense. Competitors have to be efficient and different to survive and stay on the top. Daft continues and presents the most recent developments in organizations' design - structures and management methods that have only emerged lately in response to the turbulences in the environments and competition worldwide. The rise of an emerging managerial philosophy of efficiency, system, and process is, according to Daft, reflected in the forms of internal communication that serve as mechanisms for managerial coordination and control. These have developed as a product not only of changing organizational needs but also of the technologies available to support them. Forms of organizational communication can thus be organized into specific and recognizable 'genres' such as letters, memorandums, meetings, agendas, proposals etc. These technologies as used by principals and senior managers within colleges not only to account for, but also to promote and disseminate, specific leadership visions and objectives. The overflow of more general managerial philosophies into the realm of globalizations in recent years has included the need to demonstrate competence, compliance and effectiveness to a variety of audiences. Going with Daft's idea1, the purpose of my study would suggest that this need for visible competence is now a dominant theme, driven by external inspection, funding and governance mechanisms as well as the service culture expectations of users and other stakeholders. Such 'audit cultures' (Strathern, 2000) are increasingly common in both public institutions and private enterprise, reflecting the need to perform a new kind of accountability based around the twin goals of economic efficiency and good practice. The concept of the audit, previously constrained within financial applications, has now expanded to become a ubiquitous element of daily life, with the learning and skills sector being no exception. The result is a raft of 'technologies of accountability'. The pan-national corporation, with its inherently complex structure, is the organizational form most severely affected by globalization. It is therefore important for the management of such corporations to improve the control and coordination of the corporations' spatially dispersed subsidiaries. Information technology (IT) has been hailed as an important tool in changing traditional control and coordination processes in complex environments. IT is being used for changing the nature of the relationship between headquarters and subsidiaries in a manner that makes the pan-national corporation more global in orientation. This is occurring as operations and decision-making processes in subsidiaries are redesigned in order to improve global management and local responsiveness Technology serves to shape the manner in which leadership work is

Gymnastics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gymnastics - Essay Example Learning, however, is a complex process, the principles of which are not always obvious, thus the need for careful inspection. By examining these principles we will be in a better position to assess how they can be applied to physical education. Psychology is about theories as to what leads people to behave in particular ways in different situations. Learning and motivation are important aspects of human behavior and have been the subject of much research. From the perspective of motor skills, learning can be defined as a relatively permanent change in ability resulting from experience and training as a progression from simple to more complex, sophisticated movements Operant conditioning is a psychological technique for modifying behavior that is particularly relevant to how psychology can be helpful to the teaching of gymnastics. The technique is defined as a voluntary response that is strengthened or weakened according to immediately following consequences. Organisms therefore have a tendency to repeat those actions that are reinforced in particular ways that result in a change of behavior. Behaviorism, as this approach to learning is called, is based on those aspects of behavior that are overtly observable. Because behaviorist techniques rely on the observation of explicit actions, they are especially applicable to the teaching of gymnastics. There are various methods by which a behavior can be reinforced of which the most efficacious has proved to be positive (praise) rather than negative (punishment) feedback. Positive reinforcement are of two main kinds, extrinsic and intrinsic; verbal encouragement or privileges are common examples of the former, whereas the latter applies to self-motivated students who receive a sense of fulfilment at achieving success. As students requiring the most attention are those who tend to underachieve and are not always self-motivated, our concern will mainly be with extrinsic reinforces as these, when used in the right circumstances, have proved to be advantageous in a number of different ways. An essential aspect of achieving a positive outcome is the breaking down of complex tasks into simpler ones that can be translated into graded steps according to the ability of the student. In this regard, motor skills can be decomposed into a series of simple frames that help to pin-point strengths and weaknesses that can be translated into structured programmes for initiating improvement. Programmed learning of this type allows the trainee to progress at his/her own rate, and permits learning to be facilitated through positive reinforcement of the targeted behavior in that a correct response will be more likely than an incorrect one. Skills can therefore be programmed to advance through structured hierarchies of tasks that progress from the rudimentary to the complex through successive approximation. In a physical education setting, there are special circumstances to take account of when applying these principles. As individuals are inclined to possess a wide variety of abilities, it is essential that the

Exploring Geology In Movies Film Studies Essay

Exploring Geology In Movies Film Studies Essay Do you know what geology is all about? Geology is the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. It includes the study of organisms that have inhabited our planet. the most important part of geology is the study of how Earths materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over time. What about movies? Have you ever heard about it? Surely all people in the entire world know what movie is. Movie can be defined as a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement but how it is related to geology? Since decades ago a lot of geology-related movies were published. Surprisingly, some of these kinds of movies was so outstanding and became box office. These are some examples of movies that are related to geology. If we are talking about asteroids, there are two most popular movies about asteroid impact which are Armageddon and Deep Impact. Both movies were released in 1998 and it is about a decade ago yet still gets attention until today. In Armageddon, the Space Shuttle Atlantis is destroyed by a meteor shower, while they are fixing a satellite in orbit. The entire crew was died. Then, meteorites bombard New York City and several other parts of the world, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) discovers that an asteroid the size of Texas, traveling at 22,000 miles per hour, will collide with Earth in 18 days and will destroy the planet. It is crystal clear that Armageddon is a geology-related movie since it is about asteroid. Besides, Deep Impact is about the pos sible extinction of human life after a comet is discovered headed toward within a year. Humans have to prepare for their survival as a comet is on a collision course with earth. Unluckily, only eight hundred thousand people were randomly selected to be saved in order to keep the human race alive. Another type of geology-movie is about global change. In 2004, The Day After Tomorrow which is about climate change and in 2003, The Core which is about global magnetism was released. As well as the movie about asteroid impact, this kind of movie is also get great attention from public since the narration of these movies is much related to human being. In summary, The Day After Tomorrow is a look at what the world would look like if the greenhouse effect and global warming continued. The main character of the story is a paleoclimatologist, Professor Jack Hall. A paleoclimatologist is a scientist who studies the ways weather patterns changed in the past and in this movie, he tries to save the world from the effects of global warming while also trying to see his son, Sam, who was in New York City as part of a scholastic competition. At the same time, the city was overwhelmed by the chilling beginnings of the new Ice Age. Meanwhile, Dr. Hall also going against the flow since he is nearl y the only one going north as the others races to south. On the other hand, in The Core, for unknown reasons, the Earths inner core has stopped rotating, causing the planets electromagnetic field to rapidly deteriorate. In order to resolve the problem, government and military officials call upon geophysicist, Dr. Josh Keyes and his crew of five goes down to the central of the Earth. Their mission is to detonate a nuclear device that will reactivate the core by dropping a nuclear bomb. The film Earthquake which was released on 1974 and 10.5 which was released on 2004 are about earthquakes. From the title itself we can guess what is shown in the movie Earthquake. In Earthquake, there are several stories of different people. The main story is about a Construction Engineer, Stuart Graff who is estranged from his wife, Remy, and has an affair with Denise Marshall, the widow of a co-worker. Meanwhile, Remy tries to persuade her father, Sam Royce, who is Stuarts employer, to use his influence to stop Stuart from seeing Denise. Rogue policeman Lew Slade is suspended from the Los Angeles Police Department for having punched an obtuse officer from another jurisdiction. Then, Slade contemplates quitting the police force. Jody, a grocery store manager, lusts after Rosa Amici, sister of Sal, the assistant to Miles Quade, an aspiring daredevil motor cyclist. When a major earthquake rips through Los Angeles, the lives of all these people are devastated. What about 10.5? In a nut shell, 10.5 is a disaster film that wonders what might happen if the Western United States is ever ravaged by unprecedented earthquakes. After one quake on Seattle, another strikes California, this one worse than the first. With scientists speculating that an earthquake registering 10.5 on the Richter scale could be next, the U.S. president enlists the help of a seismologist. His aim is to formulate a plan to prevent the deaths of millions of people. Twister and Night of the Twisters are the films about tornadoes which were released in 1996. In Night of the Twisters, A peaceful Nebraska farm community becomes the setting for an unprecedented disaster when it is struck by a deadly series of strong tornados. The story is told from the viewpoint of a 12-year-old boy, Dan who is forced to overcome his own terror to save the lives of friends and family in the horrifying aftermath. On the other hand, Twister is totally different from Night of the Twisters since the story is about conflict in adults life. The movie begins when Bill, a weatherman goes to have his wife, Jo to sign the divorce papers so he can marry his girlfriend, Melissa. Jo finds a collection of record breaking tornados and Bill follows along, soon his duties shift from divorcing Jo to helping her with record breaking technology to create a better warning system. Volcano and Dantes Peak are the films about volcanism and both of them were released on 1997. What happen in the movie Volcano? After a minor earthquake in Los Angeles, a giant burst of lava is released from the La Brea Tar Pits, resulting in the birth of a new volcano under the city. Scientists noticed that the temperature of a lake rises 6 degrees in 12 hours but government is reluctant to believe them but they learn their lesson when lava begins to spill out into the streets and to destroy buildings and cars. What about Dantes Peak? The film begins with the volcanic eruption in Colombia where volcanologist Dr. Harry Dalton attempts to evacuate with his love, Marianne. As they begin heading out of the town, large pieces of volcanic rocks begin to crash onto the small town, one of which penetrates the vehicle and kills Marianne. 4 years later, Dr. Harry receives a call from his boss, Paul Dryfus to check on a Cascades volcano called Dantes Peak. While the town of the same name is ce lebrating their accomplishment to be number two on the most wanted place to live in the country, he meets Rachael Wando, the mayor of the town and owns a small business of food and drinks. Harry notices tress, animals and even people had died recently near the volcano while he is checking on Dantes Peak. Then, he decided to put Dantes Peak on alert, but people, not listen to him because of no real evidence. For a week, the volcano was not overly active, but then the activity began to increase, just as the town was on alert, Dantes Peak erupts. Another important part in geology is Paleontology. Paleontology is the study of ancient or prehistoric life on earth. Its main goal is to investigate the evolution of plant and animal species as well as the earths ancient ecosystems and climate as a whole. Although concerned with life, paleontology is actually a branch of geology and it is the study of physical nature. Jurassic Park gives an explosive impact to the audience when it was released in 1993 and it is one of the great movies about paleontology. An island full of living dinosaurs had been able to be created by huge advancements in scientific technology. John Hammond has invited four individuals, a paleobotanist, a mathematician and his two grandchildren to join him at Jurassic Park. However, their park visit is anything but disaster as the parks security system breaks down, the prehistoric creatures break out, and no more excitement. It occurs when one of the workers in the park has shut down all the electricity in his atte mpts to steal the dinosaurs embryos. Now, its become a race for survival with everyone located all over the island. Apart from it, The Land Before Time (1988) and Dinosaur (2000) also the examples of geology-related movies in paleontology. Now we can obviously see that a lot of geology-related movies or also known as disaster movies were published since ten years ago until today. Furthermore, most of them were so outstanding and get a great attention not only on the day that they were released but still being watched until today. Apart from that, the film maker seem to compete each other to make the best film ever but it is a fact that scientific accuracy is not generally at the top of their to-do list when making a movie. If we see those movies in the perspective of geology we can see that it is drifting from the real fact of science. For example, it is a fact that two space shuttles cannot be launched simultaneously or, even if we could, they would never fly like a pair of the Navys Blue Angels stunt planes because it isnt safe but we can see it in Armageddon. In addition, it is the fact that space stations orbiting our planet are not refueling ports for deep space missions but contrarily, it happens in Armageddon. I n a nutshell, when it comes to science in the movies, it is really not surprised that the fact that they show is so far from accurate.

Teens and Premarital Sex :: Sexual Education Pregnancy Marriage

The Impure Waterwheel Have you ever seen a watermill? Turning continuously, they are bound in an eternal cycle. Continually spinning,, the lack of purity in the United States can be compared to that watermill, a never-ending cycle that threatens to spin out of control. We must intercede. Sex out of wedlock creates dysfunctional families, and teens searching for â€Å"more† in life, who often turn to the reason they're feeling so glum, sex. Having sex out of wedlock is a big problem in the United States that needs to stop. Strained by relationships on the verge of collapse and peer pressure, many teens turn to sex as an escape. Hardly sixteen, Jamie Lynn Spears is an excellent example of how family problems can pressure someone to do things they know they shouldn’t. Jamie Lynn’s sister, Brittany Spears, is undergoing extensive criticism from the media about her recent mental breakdown, this pressure from the paparazzi has taken its toll on Jamie Lynn’s life and she made a bad choice, as so many young people today do. With the baby, that so often follows sex out of wedlock many times a â€Å"family† is quickly formed out of girlfriends and boyfriends who think they’re â€Å"in love†. In many cases, one of the parents will leave, forming yet another dysfunctional family. Dysfunctional families are often unloving and make childhood difficult. Wrestling with their own problems many single parents will simply hang their children out to dry. Basically neglected, children deem themselves extremely reviled and not good enough. Off this assumption of worthlessness, many young people will label or allow themselves to be labeled as â€Å"unloved†. Hated by their parents, or at least feeling they’re hated, teens will go to extensive lengths to find self-worth. While they realize they will never be able to replace their parent’s love, adolescents will always try to find meaning. Teens will search for something â€Å"more† in life, which they never got in their childhood always. If they feel they can’t earn their parent's love young people will turn to other things to satisfy their need to be accepted. Grossly, many teens turn to drugs or alcohol to try to forget their life. Tortured by life, some people turn to popularity to appease their soul, but none of these alternatives can. Craving love, many teens turn to sex as an alternative to facing reality, or simply as a place to find the love they’ve never felt.

New Balance Athletic Shoes Case

Operations Management and Management Science Case Study Capacity Planning New Balance Athletic Shoes Summary James Davis is the president and general manager of New Balance Athletic Shoes. The Boston, Massachusetts based company began producing corrective shoes and arch supports in 1906. New Balance garnered a reputation for quality specialty footwear when in the 1950's it began producing running shoes for men. It is the beginning of 1978 and Mr. Davis has a number of important decisions to make regarding the future of his growing company. In recent years the demand for running shoes has experienced explosive growth.The increasing popularity of the sport of running requires James Davis to carefully evaluate the accuracy of the company's sales forecast. Mr. Davis knows that precise forecasting is the key to providing good-quality service by meeting customer demand. Another effect of increasing demand on New Balance is the necessity for expansion. Mr. Davis must evaluate a number of op tions for expanding production capacity in order to meet increased demand for his company's products. This report will attempt to offer James Davis sound advice in regards to the evaluation of sales forecasts and expansion options. We will also present Mr.Davis with an alternate sales forecast and an evaluation of New Balance's sales representative network. Analysis: Upon reviewing New Balance's 1978-1981 domestic sales forecast, it is decided that James Davis may have reason to be apprehensive. Davis needs to be sure that the forecasted sales increases, which range from 117% to 286% of 1977's sales, are truly warranted. Although Davis knows that demand for running shoes is skyrocketing, he should also know that that does not guarantee sales. The maturing preferences of the shoe consumer have been evident in the ever changing ratings of Runner's World magazine's top ten shoes.Upon reviewing the lists of top ten shoes we realized that product development is not only a key to New Bala nce's success, but is also a key to success for a majority of its competitors. While only 2 of the top 10 running shoes of 1975 were introduced within a year of being rated, the following two years of ratings were filled with a majority of newly developed products. The 1976 ratings listed 7 of 10 running shoes which had been introduced within a year of being rated, and the 1977 ratings listed 6 of 10 running shoes which had been introduced within a year of being rated as well as 1 of the 10 that had been substantially redesigned.The achievement of new products in Runner's World magazine's rankings proves that product development is going to be one of the biggest keys to New Balance's future success. While New Balance has a reputation for producing quality footwear, we must urge Mr. Davis to insure that his company remains on the leading edge of running shoe development. In the past, New Balance has been able to distinguish itself by offering its shoes in varying widths. While making varying widths available has set the company apart from its competition in the past, we predict that it will eventually become an industry standard.Much of the recent success of New Balance was due to the rave reviews of the newly developed 320. New Balance product designers, working in unison with a world-class distance runner, found that a built up heel wedge and midsole greatly improved the comfort of the shoe. The design team also reduced the sole thickness of the 320, which in turn reduced the shoe weight and thus the runner's level of fatigue associated with their footwear. These are the innovations that New Balance must continue to excel in if it wishes to meet its forecasted sales.Development of new shoe designs and the use of new materials will allow New Balance to produce the lighter and more flexible shoes the running public desires. Another product development related recommendation we would like to make to New Balance is in regards to its competition. New Balance can n o longer be content following industry leaders such as Adidas and Nike. Although the two large shoe manufacturers produce nearly 70% of the product available, smaller companies such as New Balance, Brooks, and Etonic have been able to make enormous headway into the market.Adidas and Nike, being larger more top heavy corporations, will naturally have longer time periods between research and development and product release. We suggest that New Balance take advantage of its smaller size by releasing the types of new products previously detailed at a faster pace than their larger competitors. It is in this area that we feel New Balance's demand forecast is flawed. The forecast's short term reliance on current products in the company's shoe line is an error that may cause New Balance sales. As evidenced by the average two year appearance in Runner's World ratings, the life span of a running shoe is short.We do not believe that New Balance can rely on the 320 to carry sales until their ne w trainer is available (;1yr. ) to gain market share. New Balance needs to rapidly release newly developed, state of the art running shoes prior to both industry leaders to put the company in a position to capture additional market share. In addition to believing that New Balance's product mix has been forecasted incorrectly, we also contend that it has been somewhat overestimated. The following alternate demand forecast estimates overall market demand, as well as demand estimates for specific consumer categories.Please take note of the assumptions that were made in the creation of the forecast. Next, we look at New Balance's sales representative network and its relationship to the company's production facility location. The most important aspects to note concerning New Balance's distribution, is the over representation in the northeast, and the under representation in the West. While New Balance has been able to maintain a strong market share in the northeast where a majority of it s sales representatives are located, the company's market share is low in the west where the largest portion of the running shoe market is located.Due to this under representation, the western sales region represents a great deal of untapped potential for the company. Although having its production facility located in the northeast has helped New Balance build up its market share in that particular region, the company should consider the advantage of having a more westward located facility to help strengthen its presence in the region. Finally, we are going to address New Balance's various options for capacity expansion.In addition to running a second shift, alternate sites for new facilities have been located in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the state of Texas, and the country of Ireland. The following table details the financial aspects associated with each expansion option. Beginning with the option of starting a second shift, you can see that Mr. Davis' belief that this option is not viable holds true. On the one hand, a second shift is not the best financial decision for New Balance because of both higher expenses (Labor Cost), and lower projected earnings due to lower capacity (1500).On the other hand, a second shift is not the best option from a human relations perspective. Mr. Davis has made mention of various concerns regarding company employees such as finding good stitchers and supervisors, keeping morale high, and preventing unionization. Mr. Davis has also located an available production facility in Ireland. This site does have the advantage of having a lower labor cost, a lower facility cost, lower equipment costs, and savings from both a tax holiday and available grants. While the Ireland location does have certain benefits, there are a number of critical drawbacks.The negative aspects of the Ireland facility are a slightly lower capacity potential, and very costly international freight costs. Both of these factors greatly reduce Irelands estimated a fter tax earnings, and are the reasons we are recommending Ireland as the second worst choice for New Balance. The next site to be considered is the Lawrence facility. This location has qualities that should appeal to New Balance. The Lawrence site is the largest of the company's options, has local government willing to offer relocation assistance, and is close to the Everett St. ocation and its network of material suppliers. In addition to these qualities; it has been found that there are a number of local experienced shoe workers in need of work. Although these factors make Lawrence attractive to the company, they are offset by the site's shortcomings. Lawrence has a higher labor costs, moderate rental costs, a short lease term, and a high state tax liability which makes the site the second best choice for New Balance. Texas remains as the last site evaluated, and is the recommended site for New Balance.Although there are some negative aspects in regards to Texas, such as higher m aterials and overhead costs as well as higher rental costs, they are outweighed by the sites positive points. While moderate labor costs, the absence of state taxes on corporate income and the availability of skilled workers are all good reasons to recommend Texas, it is its westward location which is the key to Texas' potential. As mentioned earlier, New Balances lack of presence in the west is costing the company potential market share in an area highly populated with runners.Having a centrally located production facility will no doubt improve its Texas and west coast market shares. Conclusion: From the above analysis, we draw the following conclusions: 1. New Balance's sales forecast is overestimated and their forecasted product mix is in error. The company should use the alternate forecast provided. Additionally, New Balance should rely less on its current shoe models by working towards more rapid product development. 2. In order to develop an accurate demand forecast, particula r attention should be paid to the expected growth of both serious and women runners. . There is an effect on regional market share based on the location of the production facility. If New Balance would like to increase market share in regions other than its own it should seriously consider a more westward production facility. 4. After taking both financial and non-financial aspects into consideration, the opening of a Texas facility is recommended. Another benefit of having an additional production facility located in Texas will be the company's ability to fulfill the previously mentioned lack of western regional market share.

Why Fossilized Shark Teeth Are Black

Why Fossilized Shark Teeth Are Black Shark teeth are made up of calcium phosphate, which is the mineral apatite. Although shark teeth are sturdier than the cartilage that makes up their skeleton, the teeth still disintegrate over time unless they are fossilized. This is why you rarely find white shark teeth on a beach. Shark teeth are preserved if the tooth is buried, which prevents decomposition by oxygen and bacteria. Shark teeth buried in sediments absorb surrounding minerals, turning them from a normal whitish tooth color to a deeper color, usually black, gray, or tan. The fossilization process takes at least 10,000 years, although some fossil sharks teeth are millions of years old! Fossils are old, but you cant tell the approximate age of a shark tooth simply by its color because the color (black, gray, brown) depends completely on the chemical composition of the sediment that replaced the calcium during the fossilization process. How to  Find Shark Teeth Why would you want to find shark teeth? Some of them are valuable, plus they can be used to make interesting jewelry or to start a collection. Plus, theres a chance youll find a tooth from a predator that lived 10 to 50 million years ago! While its possible to find teeth just about anywhere, your best bet is to search at a beach. I live in Myrtle Beach, so every time I go to the shore I look for teeth. At this beach, most of the teeth are black because of the chemical composition of the sediment offshore. At other beaches, fossilized teeth may be gray or brown or slightly green. Once you find the first tooth, youll know what color to seek. Of course, theres always a chance youll find a white shark tooth, but these are much harder to see against shells and sand. If youve never looked for shark teeth before, start out looking for black pointy objects. If the teeth are black, there will also be some black shell fragments that resemble shark teeth.  How do you know if its a shell or a tooth? Dry off your find and hold it up to the light. Even though a tooth could be millions of years old, it will still look glossy in the light. A shell, on the other hand, will show ripples from its growth and maybe some iridescence. Most shark teeth also maintain some of their structure. Look for a cutting edge along the edge of the blade (flat part) of the tooth, which may still have ridges. Thats a dead giveaway youve scored a shark tooth. A tooth may also have an intact root, which tends to be less shiny than the blade. Teeth come in a variety of shapes. Some are triangular, but others are needle-like. Good places to start are at the waterline, where the waves can help reveal the teeth, or by inspecting or sifting through a pile of shells. Keep in mind, the size of the teeth you can find is usually similar to the size of surrounding debris. While its possible to find a giant Megalodon tooth in the sand, large teeth like this are most often found near similar-sized rocks or shells.

Gm 545 You Decide (Economics) Essays

Gm 545 You Decide (Economics) Essays Gm 545 You Decide (Economics) Essay Gm 545 You Decide (Economics) Essay Mr. President, Monetary and fiscal policy are two ways in which governments attempt to achieve full level of employment, economic growth, and price stability. As you are aware, fiscal policy decisions are made by the President and Congress and demand the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy; the monetary policies are maintained by the Federal Reserve. After careful consideration of the advice of Economic Advisers and Federal Reserve consultants, I came to the following conclusions regarding economic recovery in The United States: * Executing Expansionary Fiscal Policy, increasing government spending, transfer payments (Social Security, unemployment compensation, and welfare payments) and decreasing taxes will lead to increased aggregate demand (Stone, 2008). Contrary to Ms. Lee’s advice to raise taxes and decrease government spending, and in accordance with Ms. Tanney, I recommend the opposite: decrease taxes and increase government spending. Government spending will, it theory, create new jobs as government’s consumption of services from construction industry increases. A good incentive for job creation would be offering tax credits to employers who hire new, unemployed workers. Decreased taxes, again in theory, will create more disposable enabling individuals and corporations to increase their consumption. Increased consumption leads to, again, increase in job creation, corporate profits, consumer confidence, and real GDP. On the monetary side, the government should: * Lower interest rate * Lower reserve requirements * Purchase government bonds in the open market. All these lead to expansionary monetary policy. I disagree with Ms. Lopes’ opinion that The Fed should sell bonds, raise reserves, and leave interest rates. : To the contrary, purchasing bonds on an open market will increases the amount of money in circulation in the economy. When the Fed increases the money supply, it lowers the interest rate and increases the quantity of goods and services demanded at any given price level. Stone, 2008). As suggested by Mr. Burke, lowering the interest rates and reserve requirement enables banks to lend more money to consumers at a cheaper rate since the access to reserve capital more accessible. Lower interest rates encourage consumption and investment. As the economy recovers and moves towards full employment, the government should reconsider expansionary measures, since, in the long run, these measures can lead towards budged deficits and increased inflation. References: Gerald W. Stone, 2006, Core Economics federalreserve. gov/ www. investopedia. com

Market Segmentation in Apple Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market Segmentation in Apple - Dissertation Example â€Å"An example of one product and multiple segments would be Apple’s iPod which was produced and targeted towards different demographic segments including male and females, different age levels and different income levels† (Elements of a Successful Business Plan: Market Segmentation n.d., p. 5). 2. Aim of the Research The aim of the research is to: Investigate the marketing segmentation strategies in Apple (UK). â€Å"Market segmentation is important as it helps the firms to get customer focused† (Saxena 2009, p. 212). It is necessary to investigate the market segmentation strategies of a firm in order to understand its market strategies and to strengthen its products in the market. 3. Literature Review: Market segmentation is a strategy in marketing and economics. â€Å"Apple exemplifies the marketing concept in every aspect of its business† (Boone & Kurtz p. 11). Market segment is a division of a market made up of organizations or people with one or more features that reason them to demand similar product and services based on character of those products such as functions or price. â€Å"Demographic differences have been widely used as bases for segmenting consumer markets† (Croft 1994, p. 24). According to Michael J Baker and Michael Saren in their book, â€Å"Marketing Theory: A Student Text,† market segmentation is essential to strategic marketing. Segmentation outcome is an improved, developed consideration of consumer’s behaviors, similarities and differences, and so directs the growth of marketing programmes and propositions. So as to make informed decisions regarding which parts to target, managers require to identify key marketing environment trends and drivers, competitor’s plans and capabilities, internal capital and capabilities, and probable matching with corporate plan. The procedure of undertaking market segmentation, so, acts as a catalyst to attaining such insights. â€Å"The resulting decisions about resource allocation and marketing programmes are likely to be much better directed as a consequence of the segmentation study† (Baker & Saren 2010). Kotler, in his work, â€Å"Framework for Marketing Management, 3/E† says that apple’s markets know that customers associate the brand with user friendly functionality, innovative technology and sleek design. Therefore, every Apple products, IPod players, Macintosh desktop and laptop computers and even the online ITunes store and tiger software are consistent with this image and delivers the kind of experience those customers expect from the brand. â€Å"Good marketing is no accident, but a result of careful planning and execution, as the Apple computer example shows† (Kotler & Keller 2007). According to Benjamin Bach, in his book called, â€Å"Implications of Enabling Technologies for Apple Inc.: Cyber Marketing,† Apple Inc distributes technological innovations and new products to the market, their targeting, e- marketing segmentation and positioning strategies be different from customary marketing methods in terms of a better segmentation for the reason that customer behavior can be tracked quicker, be easily understood and therefore, f urther sufficiently recognized and lastly targeted. â€Å"Hence, marketing strategies can be faster adapted and updated through the increased speed of information gathering processes from applying technology† (Bach 2007, p. 14). 4) Research strategy and methodology 4.1) Research Question: The research question is to:

Ethnic minorities in USA and UK jail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Ethnic minorities in USA and UK jail - Essay Example In the contemporary era, it has been evident that there are about two adults in Jail for every Afro-Caribbean male. This ratio is clearly observable in the prisons of United States of America. Several scholarly reports signify that the prisons of United Kingdom have higher ratio of black prisoners as compared to the white population. Around 27 percent of the prison population in Wales and England identify themselves as belonging from ethic minority groups. The black convicts of UK and USA are five times higher than that of the white convicts. The police and the judicial system of USA and UK constitute maximum officials from the major group of the society i.e. the white population. Therefore, the jurisdiction system of UK and USA are criticized by many civil societies across the world. There are mainly three broad explanations that have been brought forward in the favour of the possibility for higher number of minority prisoners in UK and USA. First of all, disproportionate criminality can be a reason. The persons belonging from different ethnicities and minority groups have higher tendency to commit crimes. Secondly, the jurisdiction, detection of crimes and prosecution are more likely to be charged against the minority groups under the light of limited evidences. Thirdly, disproportionate conviction can be a major reason behind sentencing minority group prisoners for longer imprisonment. It is important to note that the relationship between criminality and race is perplexing. Several debates and critics have surrounded the jurisdiction system of UK and USA with respect to fair treatment with the respective populations. This essay highlights the important factors that have over-represented ethnic minorities in USA and UK prisons. The proportion of black people in prison in United States is lower compared to England and Wales. Politicians and experts have stated that

Compare and Contrast their attitudes towards motherhood, proposing why Essay

Compare and Contrast their attitudes towards motherhood, proposing why the differences and similarities exist - Essay Example She is shown as having love for her children but her abortions are quite ironic. The poem talks about a mother who is no mother (Grimes 2007). The attitude towards motherhood and children is quite loving but the act of abortion indicates that the mother never wants her children. She considers it a crime that indicates that she is fully aware of her act of abortion. From Atwood’s narration, it appears that both the women are one and have the same body (Tyler 1982). Jeannie is the protagonist of the short story and she is the would-be mother. The attitude towards motherhood is not given as it is something pleasant and wanted but something that has been imposed on the woman. The mother is shown as suffering. It is shown that mothers have a painful duty to perform in child birth and that’s all. The mother of â€Å"The Mother† never gives birth to a child but loves her children in her fantasy while the mother in â€Å"Giving Birth† gives birth to a child but shows a little concern towards the child and considers herself in a divided personality. Tyler, Anne. The Complexities of Ordinary Life: The Dancing Girls and Other Stories by Margaret Atwood. 1982. Retrieved on 9th February 2009 from

Current Events in Business Research Essay Example for Free

Current Events in Business Research Essay INTRODUCTION There are six basic stages to the research process. Stage 1 is clarifying the research question. This would be the process in identifying the problem that is prompting the research. Stage 2 is proposing research, which would be the act of identifying the resources necessary to do the research. The third stage is designing the research project, or deciding which method to use to gather the information. Stage 4 involves data collection and preparation, which is gathering the data and making it ready to be evaluated. Stage 5 would be the data analysis and interpretation stage. Stage 5 is defining what the data is saying about the problem. The final stage, stage 6 is reporting the results. This is breaking down the interpretation into a presentation that shows the meaning of the data collected. (Cooper Schindler, 2014) This is the process used by Paramount Pictures recently when it was in contract negotiations with the DVD rental company, Redbox. THE DILEMMA As the major Hollywood studios took sides for and against Redbox, Paramount Pictures was staying neutral. The studio had signed a first-of-its-kind trial deal guaranteeing that its titles will be available from the fast-growing $1-a-night DVD rental company through the end of the year. During that time, Paramount would study the effect of Redbox rentals on its total home-entertainment revenue, examining whether there is any decrease in the sales of its DVDs at stores that house Redbox kiosks. Under the terms of the agreement, Paramount would have the option at the end of the year to trigger a five-year deal with Redbox similar to ones recently struck with  competitors Sony Pictures and Lionsgate. The estimated value of the agreement was $575 million. Redbox President Mitch Lowe agreed because Paramount movies performed better at the box office that year. A Paramount agreement would give the studio a share of rental revenue, meaning it could earn more than $575 million if its movies prove popular. Sony and Lionsgate are selling their discs wholesale to Redbox. Though it doesnt have a formal deal with the company, Walt Disney Studios allows its wholesalers to sell discs to Redbox as well. (Fritz, 2009) There has been a lot of debate in the industry about the impact Redbox is having and will have, and we felt the best way to make a decision is by getting the information, said Paramount Vice Chairman Rob Moore. Then we can make an informed decision based on what we will have learned over the next four months. Guaranteed access to Paramount’s movies was important for Redbox. The studio released two of that summers biggest movies, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and Star Trek.(Fritz, 2009) A movie that plays well in the theaters tends to do well when it is available to rent. Rental revenue could also provide a much-needed boost to the bottom line of Paramount. Lowe said he was confident that providing detailed data to Paramount would help resolve the heated disputes in Hollywood about his companys effect on the entertainment business. Lowe has previously said his companys research found that DVD sales dropped less than 1% in stores that installed a Redbox kiosk. Many studios do their own analysis that we know is not as reliable and is aimed at coming to the answer they want to hear, he said. We find that when we can form a relationship with a studio and share real data, it results in a positive step forward. Moore said he hadnt reached any definitive conclusions as to what steps he would take if the data showed that Redbox rentals do in fact reduce overall revenue. So, the dilemma that Paramount has is whether or not partnering with Redbox will reduce its sales income more than it will increase its rental revenue. THE PROCESS Paramount and Redbox did the research to determine whether or not rentals available the same day to buy decreased the sales revenue any more or less than those studios who decided to wait 28 days to make them available. Despite some content executives recently having touted the benefits of a  28-day window for DVD titles, Coinstar Inc.’s CEO Paul Davis said the companys own research showed Redbox Automated Retail LLC kiosks have a minimal impact on DVD sales. We did a major study, a little over a year ago, with a major studio and a major retailer and we found that the impact on new product sales as a result of our $1-a-night being out there, day and date, was less than 1%, Redbox worked closely with Paramount, and they did a lot of testing as well, and the fact that they decided to go with day and date (of release) I think speaks volumes.(James, 2010) CONCLUSION After reviewing the data collected by themselves and Redbox in 2009, Paramount Pictures made their decision. In June, 2010, Paramount exercised its option to extend its revenue-sharing license agreement with Redbox, which gives Redbox access to Paramount’s newly released DVDs and Blu-ray titles on the same day they are released in the sell-through market. Paramount’s extended agreement with Redbox runs until the end of 2014, though the studio will had the option to terminate the agreement early at the end of 2011. (James, 2010) As a result of the research, Davis thought that studios that have the 28-day window might opt to tweak their Redbox agreements to get certain DVD titles out for rental sooner. Especially as more and more data gets out there and as the studios that have opted for the 28-day window, as they have a year or so to look at the data, see how its impacted their new product sales it could move that we get some titles earlier, he said.(James, 2010) The process that Paramount and Redbox used, and the data they collected, could prove to be useful data to the other studios as to whether or not they should wait the 28 days. Reference Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods (12th ed.). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.. Fritz, B. (2009, Aug 26). COMPANY TOWN; paramount to give redbox a spin. Los Angeles Times Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/422289074?accountid=458 James, S. B. (2010). Impact of day-and-date redbox rentals on DVD sales less than 1%. SNL Kagan Media Communications Report, Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/869743836?accountid=458

The Little Prince by Antoine de St. Exupery :: Prince Antoine Exupery Essays

The Little Prince by Antoine de St. Exupery The Little Prince by Antoine de St. Exupery is a wonderful novel. The Little Prince was originally written in French in 1943 as Le Petit Prince. It was then translated to English by Katherine Woods. The Little Prince is the story of a young boy from another planet who ventures from his home to discover new worlds. In the process, he makes friends and teaches valuable lessons. St. Exupery places himself as the narrator and author of this story. St. Exupery tells of how he went down in his airplane in the middle of the desert and meets a little prince from another planet. The little prince tells the author/pilot about all of the people and animals he has met since he set out on his voyage. In the process, the reader’s eyes are opened to many of the mysteries of life. To make a great book, there are certain criterion which a book must meet. A book needs to be entertaining so the reader will enjoy it and continue to read on. A great novel needs to be well written. It should have a message or a lesson for the reader to pick up on. All great literature also needs to be timeless so it can be applied in different times and places. The Little Prince is a good novel, in great part, because it has very entertaining characters. Part of what makes these characters so enjoyable is the fact they are each a paradox. The prince is an interesting character to follow through the book. The way the little prince never answers anyone else’s questions, yet always expects answers to his own, is amusing. He is childlike in appearance yet seems older in his wisdom. The author of the story is captivating, because his character gives a great deal of insight into the thoughts of adults. The author is also childlike, in his hope that he will one day find another person who looks beneath the surface of things. Another character, the wise fox, is the prince’s first friend on the Earth. The fox appears to be a silly animal at first, after one reads on, however, they discover he is not silly at all. Also the rose, the prince’s love, is very arrogant yet charming. The snake, whom the prince meets his first night on Earth, is dangerous yet helpful at the end when he assists the prince in returning to his home planet.

The Power of Shakespeares The Winters Tale :: Shakespeare Winters Tale Essays

The Power of The Winter's Tale      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many of Shakespeare's later plays broke with customs of genre. The Merchant of Venice has all the elements of a comedy, but deals with very grave matters and ends ambiguously. Pericles foreshadows the novel in its romantic plot and use of narration. Such plays challenged prevalent Renaissance literary theory which demanded fairly strict adherence to classical values of realism and unity. The Winter's Tale is a self-conscious violation of these expectations, and a jibe at the assumptions behind them. Shakespeare uses the play itself to present his argument against what may be termed, "the mimetic theory of art." It was the established opinion of Elizabethan literati that art ought to imitate life (Kiernan 8). Shakespeare not only rejects this "ought,"1[1] but shows the absurdity of what it entails.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The categories available to a dramatist are laid out by young Mamillius when he is asked to tell a tale, "Merry or sad shall't be?" (II.i.22). The dramatist is presented with the options of tragedy or comedy. This bifurcation is repeated throughout the play, which itself is cleft in two between a predominately tragic section and a predominantly comical pastoral section. For this act, tragedy is chosen, "A sad tale's best for winter," (24) and the story begins, "There was a man... dwelt by the churchyard" (28-29). Here is where the play's self-consciousness starts to appear. It is the play which is a sad tale about a man who dwells by the churchyard, namely Leontes, who mourns at the grave of the wife and son he damned. It is also at this moment that the tragedy of the play begins, when Mamillius' tale is interrupted by the arrival of Leontes to accuse Hermione of adultery.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tragedy progresses to a climax by Act III, Scene iii, when Antigonus arrives on Bohemia's shore. This is the execution of Leontes' greatest sin, his rejection of his daughter. This is also the point at which the mood of the drama turns to comedy. The segue from the Sicilian tragedy to the Bohemian comedy comes in the form of a bear. Prior to his departure for Bohemia, Antigonus refers to bears in the context of folktales, "wolves and bears, they say, / Casting their savageness aside, have done / Like offices of pity" (II.